Diurnal Enuresis

Can be due to holding behaviors, constipation or overactive bladder

Often treated with behavioral methods, rarely surgery

Nocturnal Enuresis

May take many years to outgrow, best evaluated by our NP Specialists

Can be treated with behavioral interventions, bedwetting alarms or medications

Sometimes sleep referrals and ENT/Otolaryngology referrals are helpful

Never treated with surgery

Voiding Dysfunction, Bowel and Bladder Dysfunction (BBD)

Typically paired with Constipation, Holding behaviors, Unhealthy Peeing/Pooping Habits

Can be treated with behavioral interventions, potty watches/timed peeing and pooping

Treatment of Constipation key

Sometimes Behavioral Pediatrics referrals are helpful

Best evaluated by our NP Specialists

Vesicoureteral Reflux (causes Pyelonephritis)

Anatomic problem in which urine flows backwards from the bladder up to the kidney

Doesn't cause bladder infections but can ALLOW bladder infection to reach kidney (fever)

Some outgrow it, some with no infections need no treatment, others need antibiotics or surgery

Neurogenic bladder

Can be due to Spina Bifida (Myelomeningocele)

Can be Neuropathic Bladder due to Posterior Urethral Valves or Anorectal Malformation

Can develop due to severe voiding dsyfunction (Hinman syndrome)

Often requires behavioral therapy, medications, catheterization

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Overgrowth of bacteria in the bladder leading to symptoms

Cystitis

Bladder infection only

Pyelonephritis

Kidney infection with fevers