Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction (unhealthy peeing and pooping habits)

Diurnal Enuresis (daytime urinary accidents)

Nocturnal Enuresis (bedwetting)

Neurogenic Bladder (bladder that doesn't store or empty normally, often with high pressures)

Urinary Tract Infection (overgrowth of bacteria in the bladder)

Vesicoureteral Reflux (urine flows backwards from bladder up to kidney)

Ectopic Kidney (one kidney is in the wrong place)

Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney (nonfunctional kidney made of cysts)

Solitary Kidney (having only one kidney instead of two)

Pelvic Kidney (one kidney is near the bladder)

Antenatal Hydronephrosis (swollen kidney(s) before birth)

Horseshoe Kidney (kidneys are joined together across the body)

Hydronephrosis (swollen kidney)

Renal Duplication (double kidney on one side)

Meatal Stenosis (peeing up because of a narrowed pee hole)

Paraphimosis (tight stuck foreskin cuts off blood supply to head of penis)

Penile Adhesions (penile skin stuck on head of penis)

Penile Torsion (penis is rotated at base)

Phimosis (tight opening in foreskin doesn't allow full retraction)

Webbed Penis (atypical junction between penis and scrotal sac)

Hypospadias (pee tube is too short and ends opening is lower than expected)

Chordee (bend in the penile shaft)

Labial Adhesions (lips of vagina are fused, closing vaginal opening)

Undescended Testis (testicle did not drop, also called Cryptorchidism)

Testicular Torsion (testicle twists and cuts off its blood supply)

Varicocele (swollen veins around testicle)

Hernia (tunnel leading into scrotal sac stays open)

Hydrocele (fluid surrounds testicle (form of hernia))

Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction (partial blockage of kidney)

Ureterovesical Junction Obstruction (partial blockage of tube that drains kidney)

Ureteral Duplication (double ureters on one side)

Ureterocele (tube that connects kidney to bladder has balloon on end)

Megaureter (tube that connects kidney to bladder is swollen)

Urethral Stricture (narowing in tube that drains bladder)

Gross Hematuria (visible blood in the urine)

Microscopic Hematuria (invisible blood in the urine)

Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)

Cystolithiasis (bladder stones)

Testicular Torsion (testicle twists and cuts off its blood supply)

Pyelonephritis (kidney infection with fever)

Urology Trauma (injury to kidney, bladder, testicles or genitals)

Urology Tumors (masses in kidneys, bladder, testicles or genitals)

Paraphimosis (tight stuck foreskin cuts off blood supply to head of penis)

Obstructed Nephrolithiasis (kidney stone stuck in ureter, can't pass)

Ambiguous Genitalia (born with underdeveloped genitals)

Cloaca (born with one opening for urine and stool)

Epispadias (fusion problem of top of penis and bladder)

Exstrophy (born with open bladder on abdomen)

Prune Belly Sydrome (no abdominal muscles, swollen kidneys, testes up)

Posterior Urethral Valves (partial blockage of tube that drains bladder (urethra), affects bladder, ureters and kidneys)